Michigan Wolverines football

Michigan Wolverines football
First season 1879
Athletic director David Brandon
Head coach Brady Hoke
1st year, 11–2  (.846)
Home stadium Michigan Stadium
Year built 1927
Stadium capacity 109,901
Stadium surface FieldTurf
Location Ann Arbor, Michigan
League NCAA Division I FBS
Conference Big Ten
Division Legends
All-time record 895–310–36 (.736)
Postseason bowl record 20–21
Claimed national titles 11
Conference titles 42
Heisman winners 3
Consensus All-Americans 77[1]
Current uniform
Colors Maize and Blue            
Fight song "The Victors"
Marching band Michigan Marching Band
Outfitter Adidas
Rivals Ohio State Buckeyes
Michigan State Spartans
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Minnesota Golden Gophers
Website MGoBlue.com

The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history.[2] The team is known for its distinctive winged helmet, its fight song, its record-breaking attendance figures at Michigan Stadium,[3] and its many rivalries, particularly its annual season-ending game against Ohio State, once voted as ESPN's best sports rivalry.[4]

Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, when the conference was commonly known as the Western Conference, and have been members since with the exception of a hiatus from 1907 to 1916. Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, more than any other college football program in any conference. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Michigan has finished in the top 10 a record 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll.

From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, each of whom have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame either as a player or as a coach. Fielding H. Yost became Michigan's head coach in 1901 and guided his "Point-a-Minute" squads to a streak of 56 games without a defeat spanning from his arrival until the season finale in 1905, including a victory in the 1902 Rose Bowl, the first college football bowl game ever played. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigan's second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons (1969–1989) in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and a program-record 194 games. The first decade of his tenure was underscored by a fierce competition with his former mentor, Woody Hayes, whose Ohio State Buckeyes squared off against Schembechler's Wolverines in a stretch of the Michigan – Ohio State rivalry dubbed the "Ten-Year War".

After Schembechler's retirement, his longtime assistants, Gary Moeller and Lloyd Carr, helmed the team for the next 18 years. Michigan continued its success under Moeller and Carr with a winning percentage of .755, eight more Big Ten Conference championships, and a share of the 1997 national title, but the era was punctuated by a number of high-profile defeats for the Wolverines, including a loss to Colorado on Kordell Stewart's iconic Hail Mary pass to Michael Westbrook in 1994, a controversial last-second loss to Michigan State in 2001, and an infamous defeat at the hands of the Football Championship Subdivision Appalachian State Mountaineers in the 2007 season opener. Rich Rodriguez succeeded Carr in 2008 and was fired after three seasons in which he compiled the worst record of any coach in program history. On January 11, 2011, Brady Hoke was hired as Michigan's 19th head football coach.[5]

The Michigan Wolverines have featured 77 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team. Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy: Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States, started at center and was voted most valuable player by his teammates on the 1934 team.

Contents

History

Early history (1879–1900)

On May 30, 1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate football game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it "the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies."[6] Midway through "the first 'inning',"[7] Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan.[8][9] According to Will Perry's history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Pond's plays with cheers of "Pond Forever."[6]

Yost, Wieman, and Kipke era (1901–1937)

Crisler, Oosterbaan, and Elliott era (1938–1968)

Schembechler era (1969–1989)

Moeller and Carr era (1990–2007)

Rodriguez era (2008–2010)

Following Carr's retirement, Michigan launched a coaching search that ultimately saw Rich Rodriguez lured away from his alma mater, West Virginia University. Rodriguez's arrival was the beginning of a major upheaval at Michigan. Rodriguez replaced the pro-style offense that had been used by Carr and replaced it with his spread offense. The offseason saw major attrition in Michigan's roster. The expected starting quarterback Ryan Mallett departed the program, stating that he would be unable to fit in a spread offense. Starting wide receivers Mario Manningham and Adrian Arrington both decided to forgo their senior seasons and enter the NFL Draft.[10] After the offseason ended, Michigan faced a depth crisis and was forced to start players with very little playing experience.

Michigan entered the 2008 season with uncertainty as to how the new regime would handle the transition. Michigan's season ended up being among the worst in the program's history, as the team posted a 3–9 record and missed a bowl game for the first time since 1974 and suffered their first losing campaign since 1967. The 2009 season saw many changes from the previous year. A new practice facility replaced Oosterbaan Fieldhouse as Michigan's indoor practice facility,[11] and two new quarterbacks, Tate Forcier and Denard Robinson, became the focus of the offseason. The week before the season began, however, the Detroit Free Press accused the team of violating the NCAA's practice time limits.[12] While the NCAA conducted investigations, Michigan won its first four games, including a last second victory against its rival Notre Dame. The season ended in disappointment, however, as Michigan went 1–7 in its last eight games and missed a bowl for the second straight season.

Rodriguez's final season began with new hope in the program, as Robinson was named the starting quarterback over Forcier. Robinson led the Wolverines to a 5–0 start, but after a defeat to Michigan State at home, the Wolverines finished the season 2–5 over their last seven games. Michigan did, however, qualify for a bowl game with a 7–5 record, and clinched its bowl berth in dramatic fashion against Illinois, with Michigan winning 67–65 in three overtime periods. The game was the highest combined scoring game in Michigan history, and saw Michigan's defense give up the most points in its history.[13] Michigan was invited to the Gator Bowl to face Mississippi State, where it lost 52–14. The Michigan defense set new school records as the worst defense in Michigan history. In the middle of the season, the NCAA announced its penalties against Michigan for the practice time violations. The program was placed on three years probation and docked 130 practice hours, which was twice the amount Michigan had exceeded.[14]

Rodriguez was fired following the bowl game, with athletic director David Brandon citing Rodriguez's failure to meet expectations as the main reason his dismissal.[15] Rodriguez left the program winless against rivals Michigan State and Ohio State, and compiled a 15–22 record, the worst record of any head coach in Michigan history.

Brady Hoke (2011–present)

Hoke led the Wolverines to a successful first season, beating rival Notre Dame in Michigan's first night game at Michigan Stadium in a spectacular comeback. Despite losing to Iowa and Michigan State, the Wolverines finished with a 10-2 regular season record with their first win over Ohio State in 7 years. Hoke and the Wolverines received an invitation to the Allstate Sugar Bowl in which they defeated the Virginia Tech Hokies 23-20 in overtime.

Program records and achievements

Winning superlatives

Attendance and television

Current streaks

National championships

The following is a list of Michigan's 11 claimed national championships:

Year Coach Selector Record Bowl
1901 Fielding H. Yost Helms, Holgate, NCF 11–0 Won Rose
1902 Fielding H. Yost Helms, Billingsley, Houlgate, Parke H. Davis, NCF 11–0
1903 Fielding H. Yost Billingsley, NCF 11–0–1
1904 Fielding H. Yost Billingsley, NCF 10–0
1918 Fielding H. Yost Billingsley, NCF 5–0
1923 Fielding H. Yost Billingsley, NCF 8–0
1932 Harry G. Kipke Dickinson, Parke H. Davis 8–0
1933 Harry G. Kipke Billingsley, Boand, Dickinson, Helms, Houlgate, CFRA, NCF, Parke H. Davis, Poling 7–0–1
1947 Fritz Crisler Berryman, Billingsley, Boand, DeVold, Dunkel, CFRA, Helms, Houlgate, Litkenhous, NCF, Poling, Sagarin 11–0 Won Rose
1948 Bennie Oosterbaan AP 9–0
1997 Lloyd Carr AP 12–0 Won Rose
National Championships 11

Other undefeated seasons

Michigan was also undefeated in 12 other seasons: 1879, 1880, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1898, 1910, 1922, 1930, 1973, 1992

Bowl games

Michigan has played in 41 bowl games in its history, compiling a record of 20–21. Before missing a bowl game in 2008, Michigan had made a bowl game 33 years in a row and had had a winning season for 40 straight years. From 1918 to 1945, the Big Ten Conference did not allow its teams to participate in bowls. From 1946 to 1974, only a conference champion, or a surrogate representative, was allowed to attend a bowl, the Rose Bowl, and no team could go two years in a row, with one exception.

Date Bowl W/L Opponent PF PA
January 1, 1902 Rose Bowl W Stanford 49 0
January 1, 1948 Rose Bowl W USC 49 0
January 1, 1951 Rose Bowl W Cal 14 6
January 1, 1965 Rose Bowl W Oregon State 34 7
January 1, 1970 Rose Bowl L USC 3 10
January 1, 1972 Rose Bowl L Stanford 12 13
January 1, 1976 Orange Bowl L Oklahoma 6 14
January 1, 1977 Rose Bowl L USC 6 14
January 2, 1978 Rose Bowl L Washington 20 27
January 1, 1979 Rose Bowl L USC 10 17
December 28, 1979 Gator Bowl L North Carolina 15 17
January 1, 1981 Rose Bowl W Washington 23 6
December 31, 1981 Bluebonnet Bowl W UCLA 33 14
January 1, 1983 Rose Bowl L UCLA 14 24
January 2, 1984 Sugar Bowl L Auburn 7 9
December 21, 1984 Holiday Bowl L BYU 17 24
January 1, 1986 Fiesta Bowl W Nebraska 27 23
January 1, 1987 Rose Bowl L Arizona State 15 22
January 2, 1988 Hall of Fame Bowl W Alabama 28 24
January 2, 1989 Rose Bowl W USC 22 14
January 1, 1990 Rose Bowl L USC 10 17
January 1, 1991 Gator Bowl W Mississippi 35 3
January 1, 1992 Rose Bowl L Washington 14 34
January 1, 1993 Rose Bowl W Washington 38 31
January 1, 1994 Hall of Fame Bowl W North Carolina State 42 7
December 30, 1994 Holiday Bowl W Colorado State 24 14
December 28, 1995 Alamo Bowl L Texas A&M 20 22
January 1, 1997 Outback Bowl L Alabama 14 17
January 1, 1998 Rose Bowl W Washington State 21 16
January 1, 1999 Citrus Bowl W Arkansas 45 31
January 1, 2000 Orange Bowl W Alabama 35 34
January 1, 2001 Citrus Bowl W Auburn 31 28
January 1, 2002 Citrus Bowl L Tennessee 17 45
January 1, 2003 Outback Bowl W Florida 38 30
January 1, 2004 Rose Bowl L USC 14 28
January 1, 2005 Rose Bowl L Texas 37 38
December 28, 2005 Alamo Bowl L Nebraska 28 32
January 1, 2007 Rose Bowl L USC 18 32
January 1, 2008 Capital One Bowl W Florida 41 35
January 1, 2011 Gator Bowl L Mississippi State 14 52
January 3, 2012 Sugar Bowl W Virginia Tech 23 20
Total 41 bowl games 20–21 940 831

Rivalries

Michigan–Notre Dame rivalry

Michigan–Ohio State rivalry

Rivalry trophy games

Michigan plays two rivalry trophy games. Michigan plays Minnesota for the Little Brown Jug, with their record in games played for the Jug, which dates to 1909, being 67–22–3. The Wolverines currently hold the trophy having won the 2011 contest. Michigan also competes against Michigan State for the Paul Bunyan Trophy, which was introduced in 1953 by the then governor of Michigan, G. Mennen Williams. Michigan State has held the trophy for four years running. The overall series record for the Michigan–Michigan State rivalry is 67–32–5 in Michigan's favor.

Head coaching history

Head Coach Years Seasons Record Pct. Conf. Record Pct. Conf. Titles Bowl Games National Titles
No coach 1879–1881, 1883–1890 11 23–10–1 .691 0
Mike Murphy and Frank Crawford 1891 1 4–5 .444 0
Frank Barbour 1892–1893 2 14–8 .636 0
William McCauley 1894–1895 2 17–2–1 .875 0
William Ward 1896 1 9–1 .900 2–1 .667 0 0
Gustave Ferbert 1897–1899 3 24–3–1 .875 6–2 .750 1 0
Langdon Lea 1900 1 7–2–1 .750 3–2 .600 0 0
Fielding H. Yost 1901–1923, 1925–1926 25 165–29–10 .833 42–10–2 .778 10 1 6
George Little 1924 1 6–2 .750 4–2 .667 0 0 0
Elton Wieman 1927–1928 2 9–6–1 .593 5–5 .500 0 0 0
Harry G. Kipke 1929–1937 9 46–26–4 .631 27–21–2 .560 4 0 2
Fritz Crisler 1938–1947 10 71–16–3 .805 42–11–3 .777 2 1 1
Bennie Oosterbaan 1948–1958 11 63–33–4 .650 44–23–4 .648 3 1 1
Bump Elliott 1959–1968 10 51–42–2 .547 32–34–2 .485 1 1 0
Bo Schembechler 1969–1989 21 194–48–5 .796 143–24–3 .850 13 17 0
Gary Moeller 1990–1994 5 44–13–3 .758 30–8–2 .775 3 5 0
Lloyd Carr 1995–2007 13 122–40 .753 81–23 .779 5 13 1
Rich Rodriguez 2008–2010 3 15–22 .405 6–18 .250 0 1 0
Brady Hoke 2011–present 1 11–2 .846 6–2 .750 0 1 0
Totals 1880–present 132 895–310–36 .736 472–186–18 .712 42 41 11

Note: Michigan did not play any outside games in 1882.

Individual awards and honors

National award winners

Players

1940: Tom Harmon
1991: Desmond Howard
1997: Charles Woodson
1940: Tom Harmon
1991: Desmond Howard
1991: Desmond Howard
1997: Charles Woodson
1991: Erick Anderson
1992: Elvis Grbac
1997: Charles Woodson
1997: Charles Woodson
1997: Charles Woodson
2003: Chris Perry
2004: Braylon Edwards
2004: David Baas
2011: David Molk
2006: LaMarr Woodley
2006: LaMarr Woodley

Coaches

1947: Fritz Crisler
1948: Bennie Oosterbaan
1969: Bo Schembechler
1997: Lloyd Carr
1997: Lloyd Carr
1977: Bo Schembechler
2007: Lloyd Carr
1969: Bo Schembechler
1997: Lloyd Carr
1989: Bo Schembechler
1997: Lloyd Carr
1985: Bo Schembechler
1969: Bo Schembechler
1997: Jim Herrmann
2001: Fred Jackson

Heisman Trophy voting

Twenty-six Heisman Trophy candidates have played at Michigan, Three have won the award:

All-Americans

Team and conference MVPs

Michigan Most Valuable Player Award (1926–1994), officially renamed the Bo Schembechler Award (1995–present); winners of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's MVP also noted:[17]

Big Ten Conference honors

1982: Anthony Carter
1986: Jim Harbaugh
1990: Jon Vaughn (coaches)
1991: Desmond Howard (coaches and media)
1992: Tyrone Wheatley (coaches and media)
2003: Chris Perry (coaches and media)
2004: Braylon Edwards (coaches and media)
2010: Denard Robinson (coaches and media)
1991: Greg Skrepenak
1998: Jon Jansen
2000: Steve Hutchinson
2004: David Baas
2006: Jake Long
2007: Jake Long
1997: Charles Woodson (coaches and media)
2001: Larry Foote (coaches and media)
2006: LaMarr Woodley (coaches and media)
1985: Mike Hammerstein
1988: Mark Messner
1992: Chris Hutchinson
2006: LaMarr Woodley
1995: Charles Woodson (coaches)
1997: Anthony Thomas (coaches and media)
2003: Steve Breaston (coaches)
2004: Mike Hart (coaches and media)
1972: Bo Schembechler (media)
1976: Bo Schembechler (media)
1980: Bo Schembechler (media)
1982: Bo Schembechler (coaches)
1985: Bo Schembechler (media and coaches)
1989: Bo Schembechler (coaches)
1991: Gary Moeller
1992: Gary Moeller
2011: Brady Hoke

Retired numbers

Michigan Football Legend

To honor a Michigan Football Legend, a patch is placed on the upper left chest of the jersey which was worn by the Michigan Football Legend during his time as a Wolverine. Desmond Howard became the first Michigan Football Legend when a patch bearing his name on the 21 jersey was introduced prior to the Michigan-Notre Dame game on September 10, 2011.[18]

Hall of Fame

College

Michigan alumni inductees to the College Football Hall of Fame include:[19][20]

Professional

Michigan alumni inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame include:[21]

Individual school records

Rushing records

[22]

Passing records

[23]

Receiving records

[26]

Kickoff return records

[27]

Punt return records

[29]

Current squad

Alumni currently in the NFL

Updated as of October 18, 2011

[31]

Related books

References

  1. ^ "NCAA Football Award Winners" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2010. pp. 12–17. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  2. ^ "NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records". National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2009. pp. 62–63. http://web1.ncaa.org/web_files/stats/football_records/DI/2010/2010FBS.pdf. Retrieved December 17, 2010. 
  3. ^ http://www.sportingintelligence.com/2011/02/09/fields-of-amateur-dreams-the-22-us-college-football-teams-with-crowds-bigger-than-the-nfl-average-090201
  4. ^ "The 10 greatest rivalries". ESPN Internet Ventures. January 3, 2007. http://espn.go.com/endofcentury/s/other/bestrivalries.html. Retrieved April 11, 2009. 
  5. ^ "Hoke Named Michigan Football Coach". The University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. January 11, 2011. http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/011111aab.html. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  6. ^ a b Will Perry: The Wolverines: A Story of Michigan Football (1974). The Strode Publishers. p. 27. ISBN 873970551. 
  7. ^ Will Perry: The Wolverines: A Story of Michigan Football (1974). The Strode Publishers. pp. 24–25. ISBN 873970551. 
  8. ^ "IRVING POND, YOUTH OF 72 YEARS, IS WED". The News-Palladium (AP story). June 12, 1929. 
  9. ^ "Milestones". Time. June 24, 1929. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732530,00.html. 
  10. ^ "Quarterback Mallett leaves Michigan, is considering transfer to Tennessee". ESPN. January 9, 2008. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=3188170. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  11. ^ "Al Glick Field House". MGoBlue.com. CBS Interactive. http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/glick-field-house.html. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  12. ^ Rosenberg, Michael and Mark Snyder (August 30, 2009). "A look inside Rodriguez's rigorous football program at Michigan". Detroit Free Press. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:ZMHR&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12A69382568B7C00&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  13. ^ "Recap week 10 Illinois at Michigan". ESPN.com. ESPN. November 6, 2010. http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=303100130. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  14. ^ "NCAA hits Michigan with three years probation, reduction in practice time". USAToday.com. November 4, 2010. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/campusrivalry/post/2010/11/michigan-ncaa-sanctions-announced/1. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  15. ^ Tim Rohan (January 5, 2011). "Rodriguez officially fired as head football coach". The Michigan Daily. http://www.michigandaily.com/content/rodriguez-officially-fired-head-football-coach-0. Retrieved December 21, 2011. 
  16. ^ 2011 NCAA Football Records: Football Bowl Subdivision Records. NCAA. p. 112. http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2011/FBS.pdf. Retrieved October 1, 2011. 
  17. ^ "Michigan Football Bo Schembechler Award". The University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/050609aam.html. Retrieved December 9, 2011. 
  18. ^ "Howard Earns Inaugural Designation of Michigan Football Legend". University of Michigan & Host Interactive. September 10, 2011. http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/091011aad.html. Retrieved September 26, 2011. 
  19. ^ "HALL OF FAME INDUCTEE SEARCH". College Football Hall of Fame. http://collegefootball.org/famersearch.php. Retrieved September 9, 2011. 
  20. ^ "Michigan Members of the College Football Hall of Fame". University of Michigan, Bentley Historical Library. May 12, 2008. http://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/misc/cfhofame.htm. Retrieved September 9, 2011. 
  21. ^ "Hall of Famers by College". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/colleges.aspx. Retrieved October 27, 2009. 
  22. ^ "2011 Michigan Football Guide". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. pp. 94–95. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/fbl-guide-2011-records-1.pdf. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  23. ^ "2011 Michigan Football Guide". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. pp. 101–103. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/fbl-guide-2011-records-1.pdf. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  24. ^ "2011 Big Ten Football Media Guide". The Big Ten Conference Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. p. 54. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/2011-football-MG.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2011. 
  25. ^ "2011 Big Ten Football Media Guide". The Big Ten Conference Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. p. 55. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/2011-football-MG.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2011. 
  26. ^ "2011 Michigan Football Guide". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. pp. 104–107. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/fbl-guide-2011-records-1.pdf. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  27. ^ "2011 Michigan Football Guide". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. p. 114. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/fbl-guide-2011-records-1.pdf. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  28. ^ a b "2011 Big Ten Football Media Guide". The Big Ten Conference Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. p. 58. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/2011-football-MG.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2011. 
  29. ^ "2011 Michigan Football Guide". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. p. 115. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2011-12/misc_non_event/fbl-guide-2011-records-1.pdf. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  30. ^ Vensel, Matt (October 19, 2011). "The career of Prescott Burgess in transaction blurbs". The Baltimore Sun. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-10-19/sports/bal-sportsblitz-prescott-burgess-baltimore-ravens1019_1_prescott-burgess-nfl-draft-nfl-story. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  31. ^ "FORMER WOLVERINE PLAYERS IN THE NFL (Alphabetical) (As of Oct. 16, 2011)". MGOBLUE.COM - University of Michigan Official Athletic Site. CBS Interactive. October 16, 2011. http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-footbl/archive/in-the-nfl.html. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 

External links